Bosnian Refugee Life in America Essay Example for Free

Bosnian Refugee Life in America Essay A large number of evacuees from Bosnia-Herzegovina have fled to the United States to look for insurance from the ethnoreligious clashes of the locale. To best help these families, specialist co-ops must comprehend their wartime and relocation encounters and their way of life. The reason for this article is to survey the writing applicable to working with Bosnian Muslim outcasts just as to comprehend the uruque issues confronting this populace. The authors’ enthusiasm for Bosnian Muslim displaced people is an individual one. Somewhere in the range of 1992 and 2001, about 3,500 Bosnian exiles getting away from ethnic purifying and war moved to Bowling Green, a little city of 50,000 in provincial southcentral Kentucky. The Bowling Green International Center has been a piece of the nearby network since 1979 and effectively works with the United States Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (USCRI). For over 25 years, the inside has helped a large number of evacuees of numerous nationalities in their relocation to the United States and the neighborhood network. As indicated by the center’s chief, Marty Deputy, Bosnians make up the biggest level of displaced people that have moved to Bowling Green (individual correspondence, February 3, 2005). Delegate additionally demonstrated that while Bosnian outcasts have adjusted well to the neighborhood network, they despite everything face numerous difficulties as a result of their encounters in Bosnia notwithstanding their joining into another culture. One of the issues that keep on frequenting numerous Bosnian displaced people is post-horrendous stressâ€a aftereffect of war and decimation. Post-awful pressure is especially an issue for the grown-up ladies, who encountered the injury of assault and rape just as seeing the homicide of their youngsters and life partners. As per Deputy (individual correspondence, February 3, 2005), social laborers should move toward Bosnian families and youngsters with social ability. On the off chance that meeting a Bosnian home, for instance, taking off one’s shoes when entering is a showcase of regard and affectability. An eagerness to drink a solid cup of Bosnian espresso is likewise valued. Social specialists additionally should be delicate about non-verbal communication and discourse tone. It is likewise significant not to expect that all Bosnians are similar. Similarly as with all societies, there is huge variety in the Bosnian culture, alongside singular contrasts in character and ecological encounters. Bosnian Muslim Experiences in the War The 1991 enumeration for Bosnia-Herzegovina shows that Muslims made up 43. 7% of the complete populace of 4. 3 million individuals. Serbs represented 31. 3% and Croats 17. 3% (Bringa, 1995). Serbs distinguished the Muslims’ lion's share populace base in Bosnia-Herzegovina as its key quality (Cigar, 1995). In 1992, consequently, the Serbs announced war and started a battle of ethnic purging to kill non-Serbs. The term â€Å"ethnic cleansing† represents the approach of freeing a territory of an unwanted national gathering to make a homogenous district; it speaks to a sort of decimation that is intended to spread fear (Friedman, 1996; Weine and Laub, 1995). Serbia’s beginning method of reasoning for its arrangement was proclaimed by the conviction that the recently shaped province of Bosnia-Herzegovina would make national minorities of the Serb populace and in the end pulverize the Serb people as a discrete and exceptional country (Friedman, 1996). The possibility of getting material products from the Muslimsâ€land, animals, houses, vehicles, and cashâ€apparently was an extra amazing impetus for some Serbs (Cigar, 1995; Sells, 1998). The indigenous Bosnian Serb populace was brought into a fear battle of murdering and pandemonium so the non-Serbian populaces could stay away for the indefinite future. This abuse at last prompted more than one million Balkan outcasts relocating to the United States and different nations. The kinds of encounters they suffered in their country before emigrating drastically affected their underlying adjustment to these new situations. Resettlement and Adaptation Issues As troublesome as the war-related encounters were, relocation to resettlement nations flagged a change to new sorts of battles for Bosnian outcasts. Not at all like workers who leave their homes for an assortment of reasons, outcasts leave so as to endure, and they face another domain of stressors as they endeavor to reconstruct their lives in a state of banishment (Keyes, 2000; Worthington, 2001). Such stressors incorporate troublesome travel encounters; culture stun; alteration issues identified with language and word related change; and interruption in their feeling of self, family, and network (Lipson, 1993; Worthington, 2001). Moreover, evacuees leaving Bosnia-Herzegovina regularly have endured numerous misfortunes, for example, severance from loved ones who have been deserted or murdered, relocation from their homes and networks, social detachment, and the unexpected passing of their kids. Such a gathering of misfortune can leave a feeling of uncertain sorrow that can fundamentally affect emotional well-being and future working limit (Akhtar, 1992; Fullilove, 1996; Sundquist and Johansson, 1996; Worthington, 2001). At the point when exiles cross national limits looking for refuge, they regularly wind up in an outsider social condition with standards that challenge their customary examples of family association (Mayadas and Segal, 2000). Most Bosnian evacuees have a various leveled familial force structure and clear job definitions; in the country, authority was normally sex based, with guys keeping up instrumental jobs and females satisfying supporting duties. A customary Bosnian woman’s promise to her family incorporates watching exacting codes of security and open quietness on any issue that may welcome disgrace on the family, for example, family dissension. For some ladies, this security command deflects them from revealing insights concerning conjugal conflict or youngster abuse by mates to outcasts, for example, work partners, network individuals, and psychological well-being experts. Thusly, Bosnian female exiles keep on being gotten between customary good examples predominant all through the previous Yugoslavia’s male centric culture in the twentieth Century and the desires for their new culture. The Bosnian family’s male centric examples of conduct will in general be tested on appearance in the United States, especially around business related issues. Ladies are more probable than men to secure positions in the low-wage work showcase, and in turning into the providers presented to the outside world, they hazard upsetting a family balance dependent on male power (Mayadas and Segal, 2000). For Bosnian men, key ethnic and social limit markers of their lives had dissipated; as a result of their anguish over this, many appeared to be deadened in their endeavor to push ahead in their new life. Bosnian exile youngsters additionally face gigantic cultural assimilation pressures (Mayadas and Segal, 2000). They regularly are conflicted between the convictions, customs, and qualities learned in their local culture and the frequently ridiculous desires for the enhanced one. The strain to acclimatize the social standards of their new nation can be serious and very distressing. Their folks regularly come up short on the material assets and emotionally supportive networks to sufficiently help them in exploring the mind boggling territory of outside educational systems, inescapable prejudice, and narrow mindedness (Mayadas and Segal, 2000). Subsequently, many feel as though they are separated from everyone else in an outside, some of the time unforgiving new social milieu. To additionally muddle the circumstance, family jobs frequently opposite as kids ordinarily become increasingly familiar with English quicker and adjust all the more rapidly to the traditions of the new nation (Potocky, 1996). Since kids are pushed into the job of filling in as the mediators and moderators of social standards for their folks, regard for the authority of seniors is regularly sabotaged (Carlin, 1990; Drachman; 1992). Despite the fact that most youngsters in the United States feel a specific measure of intergenerational pressure, the youths of displaced people frequently experience the draw of two immeasurably various universes: those of their American companions and their folks (Mayadas and Segal, 2000). They additionally feel exposed to the xenophobia of their American friends, who frequently deride other people who they name as â€Å"different. † Immigration to the United States has furnished Bosnian Muslim evacuee families with numerous difficulties as they battle to adjust to their new lives. From the outset, their encounters might be like that of different settlers, bringing up the natural issues about how to sustain the confidence of their ancestors among their posterity or how to best save appreciated social practices (Yazbeck-Haddad and Esposito, 2000). In any case, there are some genuine contrasts. With the assaults on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, DC, the potential for a xenophobic gathering of Muslim workers and displaced people by Americans has escalated. For instance, arguments about the structure of mosques speak to a key wellspring of grinding for most Westerners (Pipes and Duran, 1993). While Bosnian Muslim families may experience similar issues prior ages of foreigners confronted, they additionally are troubled with the subject of whether their kids will be acknowledged in the United States, and whether Islam can ever be perceived as a positive power that adds to a pluralistic, multicultural country (Yazbeck-Haddad and Esposito, 2000). Socially Competent Practice with Bosnian Muslims When working with Bosnian Muslim displaced people, specialist co-ops need to learn however much as could reasonably be expected about their way of life, especially given the urgent job that ethnoreligious character has played in their war-related encounters (Witmer and Culver, 2001). Bosnian people will in general hold fast to conventional sex jobs; associated with this issue is the extreme disgrace appended to the sexual infringement of ladies. This disgrace as often as possible drove ladies to forgo plate

Social media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Internet based life - Research Paper Example The determination of Facebook as an internet based life showcasing device is impacted by the way that the website offers an enormous market that could be used. The site has been in presence since 2004, making it the most established critical internet based life system to date. The quantity of clients has outperformed the 1 billion all around. This gives a gigantic business opportunity with respect to advertise reach. In a contention by Ray (2013) the utilization of Facebook as an advertising apparatus furnishes a business with a monstrous and noteworthy market populace. The creator further declares that the market fixation at one spot makes promoting more straightforward (Ray, 2013). These gauges have been reflected in the privately-owned company. On an every day business, our Facebook page is seen by at any rate 15 individuals. This delineates the adequacy and effortlessness of utilizing Facebook as a promoting device. What's more, out of the 15 perspectives, five individuals get in touch with us on the accessibility and depiction of our items. The pattern has altogether expanded the size of the objective market and buyer populace. From the site, we can procure customer input on how we could improve our promoting approaches also item and administration quality. Buyer frequently feel amicable enough to create individual associations. To comprehend the viability of Facebook in business, one ought to comprehend the predominance of its utilization. Right off the bat, the informal organization has an expected 700 million dynamic clients) (iMarketing Factory, 2011. From the populace, every dynamic client invests an expected energy of 50 minutes day by day in the informal community site (iMarketing Factory, 2011). Also, the dynamic Facebook client has a normal of 130 companions. Subsequently, their communications would be obvious to more individuals. From a business perspective, this is a gigantic open door for brand instruction and advancement. This extraordinary open door isn't copied by some other promoting approach (Ray, 2013). To benefit from the chance, my family

One Of The Most Prevalent Health - Free Essay Example

  Abstract Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent health complications in the United States, affecting over 20 million citizens and costing billions of dollars. As a result of this disease being one of the leading causes of death in the United States, it has forced millions of people to be hospitalized. Type 2 diabetes is common among people who are obese, have high fat diets, and fail to exercise. The disease occurs due to inefficient usage and production of insulin and beta cell dysfunction. Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity are both contributing factors to impaired function of beta cells and beta cell turnover. When tested, saturated fats had detrimental effects on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function, whereas monounsaturated fats prompted beta cell proliferation and increased insulin sensitivity. In the test meals with saturated fats, the insulin sensitivity decreased and beta cell function decreased. Diets containing high amounts of saturated fatty acids significantly increases ones risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Introduction The study of the structural elements of fatty acids and their impact on the human body is one of the most enigmatic, yet critical research fields in nutrition. It is essential to have fat in ones diet in order to assist the bodys ability to absorb fat soluble vitamins and go through vital processes such as membrane synthesis, protein and carbohydrate modification, construct structural elements in cells, and produce signaling compounds. Although fats play a critical role in ones health, certain fats can be detrimental to the body, leading to beta cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes. The development of type 2 diabetes is an extremely prominent health issue for citizens of the United States; it is a chronic issue in which the body is unable to use the available insulin it produces efficiently. Insulin is an essential hormone produced by pancreatic islets that help the body use digested food for its metabolic needs. Approximately 23.1 million people in the United States are diagnosed with diabetes, costing over 245 billion dollars annually [4]. Saturated Fats What are saturated fats and where can they be found in our diets? From a chemical standpoint, Saturated fats are fats that are solid at room temperature and do not contain double bonds between their carbon molecules. This is because they are saturated with hydrogen molecules. High concentrations of saturated fatty acids are primarily found in animal products, however, a few plant products also contain them. Suggesting that these fats can be detrimental to ones health, the biggest sources of these fats that cause a concern for citizen in the United States include but are not limited to, pizza, cheese, milk, butter, dairy desserts, meat products, cookies, and fast food dishes. Monounsaturated Fats What are monounsaturated fats and where can they be found in our diet? In contrast to saturated fats, monounsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and contain fat molecules that have one unsaturated carbon bond, also called a double bond. Consumption of these fats can be good for ones health as they lower LDL cholesterol, which is a waxy substance that can evoke blockage in arteries. As a result of keeping LDL cholesterol low, it immensely reduced ones risk of developing heart disease or stroke. Monounsaturated fats are typically associated with several health benefits and are considered good or beneficial fats; they have the ability to improve blood cholesterol levels, ease inflammation, stabilize heart rhythms [11]. High concentration of these fats can be found in plant based foods such as olive, peanut, and canola oils, avocados, nuts, and seeds. Beta Cells What are Beta cells and their importance to the body? Beta cells are a type of cell that are found in pancreatic islets, and carry a vital role in the body. The main role of beta cells is to produce and secrete a hormone called insulin, which is responsible for the regulation of glucose in blood. Beta cells quickly respond to changes in blood glucose concentrations by secreting and producing insulin. When the glucose concentration outside of the cell is high, the glucose enters the cell through facilitated diffusion. After entering the beta cell through glucose transporters, the glucose is phosphorylated as shown in the figure below. Glycolytic flux and tricaboxylic acid cycle activity both increase, resulting in an increase of ATP production in the mitochondria; as the ATP to ADP ratio increases due to metabolism of glucose, ATP sensitive potassium ion channels close, inhibiting the diffusion of potassium out of the cell. The accumulation of potassium ions causes the membrane to have a more positive charge, opening voltage gated channels, allowing calcium to enter the cell. As a result of the calcium ions entering the cell, vesicles that contain insulin fuse with the membrane, inducing secretion of insulin through exocytosis. It is critical for beta cells to function properly and release insulin so the body has access to the chemical when it is needed. Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the body acquires a greater blood glucose level than normal, also called hyperglycemia. People with type 2 diabetes fail to use their insulin properly. Insulin is a vital hormone that helps cells turn glucose from food into energy. in early stages, the pancreas produces higher amounts of insulin, however, over time it cannot keep up. As a result, it cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose at a normal level. People who are overweight and do not exercise regularly are at a significantly higher risk of developing diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can inflict numerous health issues, which is why it is important to know its symptoms. Some symptoms of type 2 diabetes include increased thirst and hunger, dry mouth, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss or weight gain, headaches, decreased or blurred vision, fatigue, numbness, and in rare occasions, loss of consciousness. According to studies, 8.6% or 21 million adults were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2016 in the United States [8]. Type 2 diabetes can be extremely dangerous to ones health and in some cases puts people in the hospital. 7.2 million hospital discharges were reported in 2014 for people with diabetes [1]. 1.5 million of them suffered from cardiovascular diseases, 108,000 had to have lower extremity amputations, and 168,000 suffered from diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes is the 7th leading cause for death in the United States in 2015, after 252,806 death certificates declared diabetes as the underlying cause of death [1]. In addition to its alarming health consequences, type 2 diabetes is costly. The 2012 estimated cost of diabetes in the United States was 245 billion dollars, and the individual medical expenditures for people diagnosed with diabetes were about 13,700 dollars per year [1]. Saturated and Monounsaturated fats and their influence on beta-cell function According to several researches, strong evidence proves that saturated fatty acids are frequently linked to apoptosis and reduced proliferation of beta cells, whereas monounsaturated fats may counteract this effect. Many of these studies associate saturated fats to insulin secretion dysfunction and the frequency of diabetes 2, however, it is unclear how much unsaturated fats influence the postprandial control of insulin secretion and resistance, even in healthy subjects [10]. In a study by The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the mean plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and FFA concentrations were measured in an SFA meal, MUFA meal, HPSO meal, VEFO meal, and a control meal (shown in figure 1). While the glucose levels were similar for all of the meals, there was a significant difference of the AUC for insulin, triglycerides, and FFA between the control meal and the high-fat meals. In addition to testing the plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and FFA concentrations in separate meals, they gathered data on postprandial beta cell function and insulin sensitivity. The research showed that the subjects proportionally became more insulin resistant as the meals went from concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (VEFOROOHPSOSFA). As the table above confirms, monounsaturated fat meals were shown to make the subjects more insulin sensitive than the saturated fat meals. When compared with MUFAs, [the] data showed that SFAs dramatically decreased postprandial insulin sensitivity toward blood FFAs, ie, they reduce postprandial ISI(FFA)GTTTM, which suggests that lower ratios of MUFAs to SFAs in dietary fats could profoundly affect the antilipolytic action of insulin [10]. Thus, the ratio of monounsaturated fats to saturated fats suggest that postprandial metabolism of saturated fats may be linked to dysfunction of beta cells, which is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies demonstrate that saturated fats lead to beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, preceding the development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The development of type 2 diabetes typically occurs as a response of insufficient diets and lack of physical activity in people who have predispositions in beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In insulin-resistant states, pancreatic islets usually respond by increasing insulin secretion to maintain normoglycemia, a process termed cell compensation [9]. This process includes the expansion of beta cell mass, an increase of insulin biosynthesis, and enhancement of nutrient secretion coupling processes with increased sensitivity to glucose, FFAs, and GLP-1 stimuli [9]. One of their studies proved that due to the altered metabolic signaling network and accumulation of toxic lipids, inadequate beta cell compensation [resulted] in onset of mild hyperglycemia at 8-9 weeks of age in the ZDF rat, resulting in severe beta cell failure. In their studies of glucolipotoxicity, saturated fats were cytotoxic, whereas monounsaturated fats were protective. Monounsaturated fats more effectively promote TG/FFA cycling; unlike saturated fats, monounsaturated fats do not cause the accumulation of ceramides or deplete mitochondrial cardiolipin levels, which are both processes that are linked to cytotoxicity [9]. The Process of Beta Cell Turnover The first step in the process of beta cell turnover is a through the overproducing of insulin. When beta cells are exposed to an excess amount of glucose or saturated fatty acids for an extended period of time, the pancreas produces an excess amount of insulin. Consequently, this over producing induces the beta cells into a state of cellular stress, decreasing the degree of insulin sensitivity (Figure 3). Next, the production of insulin can no longer continue to increase, therefore the insulin production is maximized. At this point in the process, the pancreatic beta cells are no longer able to produce insulin. After the immense stress of producing more insulin that physiologically normal for a beta cell over a long period of time, the stressed beta cells begin to die off, also known as beta cell turnover (Figure 4). The Role of Beta Cell Turnover in Type 2 Diabetes Ultimately compounded by low insulin sensitivity, beta cell dysfunction is a critical determinant for type 2 diabetes. People who suffer from type 2 diabetes become resistant to its insulin, and in response, their beta cells compensate by producing a larger amount of insulin. When this occurs over a long period of time, the beta cells wear out, also referred to as beta cell turnover. Discussion An immense amount of scientific research supports the fact that a high saturated fat diet is the most effective method of causing beta cell turnover and insulin resistance. As shown earlier, data clearly shows that saturated fatty acids have a negative effect on insulin sensitivity, whereas monounsaturated fats have a positive impact. Beta cells are extremely important for the human body because if insulin was not produced, glucose would accumulate in blood, causing inflammation in tissues, and could eventually lead to severe metabolic problems, organ failure and death. When beta cell are exposed to high saturated fat concentrations for a long period of time, their self defense mechanisms can no longer protect them from dysfunction. Beta cell insulin production depends on several factors. Some of these factors include fat and glucose concentrations, and the amount of time they are exposed to high levels of these concentrations. In these high concentrations, the pancreas produces an excess amount of insulin in attempt to combat the issue. Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are both linked to hyperglycemia, which is characterized by type 2 diabetes. Conclusion In conclusion, diets containing saturated fatty acids have a negative impact on insulin secretion and resistance. Data showed that meals with saturated fatty acids compared to monounsaturated meals significantly decreased insulin sensitivity and increased insulin resistance. Beta cells are particularly sensitive to these diets. Beta cell failure occurs when islets are unable to sustain the compensation for insulin resistance from the high accumulation of glucose in blood. The process of beta cell dysfunction and death is progressive; after hyperglycemia is established, the beta cells functionality begins to deteriorate and beta cell mass decreases due to apoptosis. In contrast, diets with monounsaturated fats had the opposite effect, stimulating beta cell proliferation. The ratio of monounsaturated fats to saturated fats in the data is useful while designing a diet to reduce postprandial insulin concentrations. Excessive intake of these fatty acids can eventually lead to type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes. When improperly managed, the disease can lead to numerous health problems including heart disease, blindness, nerve damage, kidney disease, amputations, and in severe cases, death. Small changes in ones lifestyle and diet can make an immense impact on their life, greatly reducing risk of getting type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. Therefore, it is critical to make necessary adjustments in ones lifestyle to prevent the development of this disease. References [1] American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(suppl 1):S11-S24. [2] Asif, M. (2014). The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 3, 1. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.127541 [3] Cerf, M. E. (2013, March 10). Beta Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2013.00037/full [4] Current Burden of Diabetes in the U.S. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/communication-programs/ndep/health-professionals/practice-transformation-physicians-health-care-teams/why-transform/current-burden-diabetes-us [5] How Fat Kills Insulin-Producing Beta Cells. (2018, August 11). Retrieved from https://www.masteringdiabetes.org/how-fat-kills-beta-cells/ [6] Maedler, K., Spinas, G., Dyntar, D., Moritz, W., Kaiser, N., Donath, M. Y. (2001, January 01). Distinct Effects of Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids on -Cell Turnover and Function. Retrieved from https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/50/1/69.short [7] Maedler, K., Oberholzer, J., Bucher, P., Spinas, G. A., Donath, M. Y. (2003, March 01). Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent the Deleterious Effects of Palmitate and High Glucose on Human Pancreatic -Cell Turnover and Function. Retrieved from https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/52/3/726 [8] Morr, M. (2018, May 31). Diabetes Prevalence by Type in the United States: CDC report. Retrieved from https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/diabetes-resource-center/cdc-report-diabetes-by-type-us-adults/article/760827/ [9] Prentki, M., Nolan, C. J. (2006, July 03). Islet cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.jci.org/articles/view/29103 [10] Sergio, Beatriz, Pacheco, M, Y., Villar, Muriana, JG, F. (2008, September 01). Distinctive postprandial modulation of cell function and insulin sensitivity by dietary fats: Monounsaturated compared with saturated fatty acids. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/88/3/638/4754442 [11] Types of Fat. (2018, July 24). Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/fats-and-cholesterol/types-of-fat/

The Early Renaissance Art in Florence - 1597 Words

The early Renaissance art in Florence focused on an elaborate, Gothic style of painting; very formal and traditional, yet there was always something that seemed to be lacking. Perspective and depth were two very important qualities in painting, yet up until the time of young Masaccio, (born Tommaso Guidi), paintings were beautiful, but seemed to just be art that hung on the wall. In Masaccio’s work, â€Å"rather than recede in space, the figures seem to come forward† (Cole 120). He may not have known it at the time, but his style of painting would influence many painters well after his death; Donatello, Michelangelo, and so on. Masaccio may have only painted for a total of 8 years, but during those 8 years he revolutionized not only the†¦show more content†¦It has undergone many repairs, and has been to many places, so it can sometimes be hard to really see past all of the new and really see what Masaccio created. Yet, really looking past what has been cha nged, a viewer can really see Masaccio’s talent: â€Å"Masaccios perspective design of the vault was created within the surface geometry. The foreshortened pattern of coffers could be calculated using simple geometry† (Polzer 1). Masaccio was not just an artist, but also used basic math and geometry skills to really create that realism in his works. This shows that he was also very intellectual as well as creative, and became part of another era of painting that used skills such as geometry, and not just creativity, in creating art. The Holy Trinity truly creates the illusion of Christ being crucified right in that archway, and that the viewers could just walk right in and become a part of the painting. As James Ackerman says, â€Å"the magnificent vault arching over the austere figures in Masaccio’s fresco [is] an utterly convincing illusion of architectural form extending into space† (Achkerman 171). 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Quiz 3 Essay - 870 Words

PHI 210 (Critical Thinking) Week 9 Quiz 3 Question 1 If students play video games, their school work will suffer, and they will not have the ability to succeed in life, ending up in lower paying jobs and needing government programs, which will increase our taxes. So video games will increase our taxes. CORRECT ANSWER – Slippery Slope Question 2 Professor Andrews, surely I deserve a B in logic. I know that I have gotten Fs on all the tests, but if you give me an F for my final grade, I will lose my scholarship. That will force me to drop out of school, and my poor, aged parents, who yearn to see me graduate, will be grief-stricken for the rest of their lives.CORRECT ANSWER – Appeal to Pity Question 3 Gay and†¦show more content†¦CORRECT ANSWER – Appeal to Pity Question 8 If we make an exception for you, then well have to make an exception for everyone. CORRECT ANSWER – Slippery Slope Question 9 Reporter: Congressman, What do you have to say about the reports on your campaigns questionable fund raising activities? Congressman: I am very humbled and grateful to the generosity of my supporters, and I will continue to do my utmost to represent our districts interests and concerns in Washington. CORRECT ANSWER – Ignoring the Question Question 10 There is a good deal of talk these days about the need to eliminate pesticides from our fruits and vegetables. But many of these foods are essential to our health. Carrots are an excellent source of vitamin A, broccoli is rich in iron, and oranges and grapefruits have lots of vitamin C. CORRECT ANSWER – Red Herring Question 11 If you are opposed to the North American Free Trade Agreement, you are obviously opposed to free trade. CORRECT ANSWER – Staw Man Question 12 Since Sodium and Chloride are each toxic to humans, the combination of sodium and chloride would be harmful to people. 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Difference of psychopath and psychotic Essay Example For Students

Difference of psychopath and psychotic Essay Difference Between Psychotic and PsychopathPeople that are classified as psychotic are very different from people that are labeled as psychopaths. People classified as psychotic have a disease that is in the category for the most severe forms of mental illnesses. These diseases include schitzophrenia and manic depression. These diseases are caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain that causes delusions, halucinations, and apathy. Schitzophrenia can be found in three forms: paranoid, catatonic, and undifferentiated. People with manic depression have complete changes in personality. The changes are complete opposites which is why the disease is also referred to as bi-polar disease. Both of these diseases are treatable but, can be Psychopaths however do not have a disease. Their problem comes from abuse which does not cause diseases in the category of psychotic. The people that are labeled as psychopaths have a flaw in their character. The flaw is that they are unable to feel emotion s. These people have been abused so much that they can not feel remorse. People that are psychopaths are very good liers and can fake that they care but, they are unable to. They lack a conscience. These people are symbolically seeking revenge for what was done to them when they were children. The overall difference between psychotics and psychopaths is that psychopaths problems come from abuse and psychotics problems do not. Psychotic diseases are also inherited and can be the most dangerous. Bibliography:matt d

Waco Essay Research Paper Neither the Branch free essay sample

Waco Essay, Research Paper Neither the Branch Davidians, nor the ATF, nor the FBI, were composed of or led by stupid individuals. Yet at Waco, all of these groups made highly bad determinations. One ground for the bad, low-quality determinations of the Branch Davidians, ATF, and FBI is that these groups of intelligent persons could jointly do determinations much worse than the persons might hold made if they had decided entirely. Many of the factors taking to groupthink were present, on all sides, at Waco. First, in groups that are vulnerable to groupthink, group members tend to value the group above everything else. The societal isolation of jurisprudence enforcement officers from the non-police community has been documented by many research workers. [ 123 ] Unquestioning attachment to group norms is likely all the higher in particular high-prestige jurisprudence enforcement groups, such as the FBI, the HRT, or the Particular Response Teams ( the BATF versions of the HRT ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Waco Essay Research Paper Neither the Branch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Branch Davidians, of class, explicitly saw their church as the merely good thing in a Babylonian World permeated by wickedness. ( p.644 ) Groupthinking groups tend to hold certain structural defects: insulation ; no tradition of impartial leading ; no norms necessitating methodical decision-making ; and a homogenous background for their members. The militaristic HRT and SRTs, to a great extent drawn from ex-military forces, had these defects, as did the BATF and the FBI. While the Branch Davidians were extremely heterogenous in footings of race, nationality, and societal background, they were intensely homogenous in their political orientation. Groups probably to endure from groupthink frequently overestimate their group # 8217 ; s morality and impregnability, while besides pigeonholing out-groups. The Branch Davidians thought themselves the merely righteous people in the universe, thought themselves invulnerable if God wanted them to be invulnerable, and stereotyped their antagonists as the Babylonian tools of Satan. Conversely, the FBI and BATF stereotyped their antagonists as # 8220 ; cultists, # 8221 ; and acted as if opposition to the armed might of the authorities were inherently immoral. Groupthink tends to bring forth self-censorship among the dissidents, as when FBI behavioural psychologist Peter Smerick changed his memos to back up the aggressive # 8220 ; tactical # 8221 ; attack that his higher-ups wanted. Groupthink is more likely to happen in a provocative state of affairs with high sums of external emphasis. In these state of affairss, groupthink is particularly likely when the members of the group have little hope for better solutions than those proposed by the leader. The attraction of the Branch Davidians # 8217 ; alternate to Koresh # 8211 ; give uping to the FBI # 8211 ; was greatly undermined by the authorities # 8217 ; s intervention of the grownups and kids who did resignation. [ 124 ] Deindividuation consequences in persons going less self-conscious, and more inclined to travel along with group determinations. Rather than taking personal duty for their ain actions, de-individuated people see duty as diffused, and placed on the group as a whole. The diffusion of duty leads to more aggressive behaviour towards foreigners. Some societal scientists believe that an of import factor taking to deindividuation is namelessness, and at least at Waco, the consequences were consistent with this theory. Except for Koresh, the Branch Davidians were exhaustively anonymized. They were treated # 8211 ; and they acted # 8211 ; as if they were merely a mass of identical followings of Koresh. ( p.645 ) Anonymity is intensified when the group all wears the same vesture. The HRT and SRT members non merely wore indistinguishable # 8220 ; assault # 8221 ; vesture, they even wore indistinguishable tactical masks, the most anonymizing piece of vesture possible. [ 125 ] The single members of SRTs neer would hold shot wildly into a edifice incorporating adult females and kids. Nor would the HRT members, as persons, anguish kids with chemical warfare agents, or destruct person else’s place. It was merely in the context of groupthink, of the diffusion of duty, that people could jointly commit atrociousnesss they would neer commit separately. [ 126 ] Bad determinations tend to engender more bad determinations, # 8220 ; the inclination to go entrapped in a spiral of uneffective policies. # 8221 ; [ 127 ] In the Iran-Contra instances, the North-McFarlane group made more and more committednesss to build up the Iranians # 8220 ; because so much had been invested already and the alleged costs of halting would be unacceptable. # 8221 ; [ 128 ] At Waco, the heavy committedness to preparation for the BATF foray helped make a sensed necessity to traveling frontward with the foray, no affair what. Once four lives of federal agents had been lost, federal jurisprudence enforcement became entrapped into happening some manner to apologize those four deceases, by accomplishing a # 8220 ; triumph # 8221 ; over the Branch Davidians. The Branch Davidians were even more to a great extent invested in their old errors. Most had given up their old lives to travel to the Mount Carmel Center. Husbands and married womans had given up their matrimon ies. To acknowledge that Koresh was a false christ, non a individual who was deserving deceasing for, would be to acknowledge that the Branch Davidians had squandered their callings, their households, and their earlier religions, for nil at all. ( p.646 ) Groupthink frequently leads the group to disregard hazards which affect merely the stereotyped outgroup. While the BATF and the Branch Davidians both exposed themselves, every bit good as their # 8220 ; enemies # 8221 ; to high hazards, the FBI # 8217 ; s April 19 armored combat vehicle and chemical warfare assault was a hazardous determination in which about all the hazards would be borne by the outgroup # 8211 ; even though the outgroup included many guiltless kids. The military, with all of its internal force per unit area for conformance, including attachment to a # 8220 ; can-do # 8221 ; spirit, is particularly vulnerable to groupthink. The April 19 assault was planned by the military # 8217 ; s Delta Force, and executed the FBI opposite number to Delta Force, the HRT. [ 129 ] The military during peacetime has an institutional overeagerness to take on high-profile missions, while undervaluing the hazards of failure. Quasi-military units, such as the HRT, similarly spend long periods sitting idle, and may be overeager to lend their # 8220 ; solution # 8221 ; to a high-profile job, while undervaluing the dangers of their engagement. How can groupthink, and its end point hazardous determinations, be minimized? Three reforms would hold been peculiarly relevant at Waco, and should be implemented by decision-makers in crises. First, every group meeting should hold a designated Satan # 8217 ; s advocator, who will indicate out possible hazards. Second, particular attention should be taken so that no 1 bureau or alliance of experts can monopolise the flow of incoming information. Janet Reno, by leting the FBI to monopolise the information coming to her, made it about inevitable that she would finally make what the FBI wanted. Finally, the virtuousnesss which make the armed forces such an effectual international killing force # 8211 ; such as uniformity, obeisance, and group coherence # 8211 ; do it particularly susceptible to groupthink. For this ground, the armed forces should hold no engagement in jurisprudence enforcement ; quasi-military units such as the FBI # 8217 ; s HRT and the BATF SRT should be exhaustiv ely demilitarized, and should play, at most, a really low-level function in law-enforcement decision-making.

Elwyn Palmerton Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four, Mass Surveillance

Elwyn Palmerton Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four, Mass Surveillance Elwyn Palmerton 1984/ One Flew Over the Cuckoo?s Nest How can one compare a novel about a mental ward with a novel which paints a bleak picture of an futuristic dystopia? In the case of Ken Kesey?s One Flew Over the Cuckoo?s Nest and George Orwell?s 1984 the similarities are startling . Although they take place in vastly different times and settings, Ken Kesey and George Orwell were trying to express almost exactly the same theme. One Flew over the Cuckoo?s Nest uses a mental ward as a microcosm of the world and how he was afraid the world was becoming. 1984 uses the future a device to show what society could become. Both novels show how those in power can manipulate and enslave the masses. Nurse Ratched and Big Brother are very similar in the ways they present themselves and manipulate people. Nurse Ratched control her image so that she seems more powerful. She always wears the same neat smile which does not seem to crack under any kind of pressure. Even when Randle McMurphy is trying his best, he can hardly get her to flinch from that perfect, unmoving expression. She would also stand in her office behind the big glass window for hours at a time, emphasizing the fact that she is watching them. . Nurse Ratched leaves a book out and rewards the patients if they can get compromising information about someone else and write it down. Big Brother also is presented as an unmoving face which watches the people. Big Brother himself is never seen by the people who live in Oceania, but his presence is everywhere in the form of giant posters which are plastered everywhere with the caption "Big Brother is Watching". The picture on the poster is drawn so that the eye! s seem to follow anyone who is looking at the picture. Big Brother used the Youth League to get kids to spy on their parents to see if they were going against the Party. By turning their people against themselves it makes it very difficult for them to join together in any collective effort against the hospital or government policy. In both novels there is a place that no one wants to be sent to. It is a place they have heard about, but have not seen. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo?s Nest there is also a room, it is called Electro-Shock Therapy or abbreviated as EST, but it is commonly known as the "Shock Shop." Randle McMurphy and Chief Bromden are both taken here and put on the table. Two electrodes are touched to the sides of their heads. One shock sends the "patient" into unconsciousness, only to awaken up a day or two later and to be in a semi-conscious stupor for several days. Thought criminals are punished in a way very similar to the mental patients. In 1984 this room is called Room 101. It lies deep within the Ministry of Justice. Winston Smith was brought to this room and strapped to a table. O?Brien turned a dial to a number between one and one hundred. The higher the pain, the higher degree of pain that Winston would experience. For more severe thought-crimes, or infractions of hospi! tal policy multiple sessions are prescribed. The societies presented are also run in very similar ways. The best example of this in One Flew Over the Cuckoo?s Nest is when the patients want to switch the work time with the television watching time so that they can watch the World Series. The nurse prevents them from doing this even though there is no good reason for it. The patients are awakened by the lights being turned on every morning at the same time. Nurse Ratched plays the same music over and over in the day room where the patients spend their leisure time. She allowed her them to watch the six o? clock news as their only outlet for receiving news from the outside world. The Mental Ward and Oceania both have same rules. Winston Smith also can?t miss work or else he could be arrested by the Thought Police. Party members are awakened each day by the telescreens. The telescreens constantly play music, and the

Analysis of Aravind Eye Hospital

An Eye on Hope Miracles do happen. Don’t believe me? Ask that boy whose eyes would finally be able to see how the face of his mother is much more beautiful than even that angelic face that he had always imagined while listening to the lullabies she sang for him or how his cricketing hero actually looks like or how his kingdom of sand – that the world calls as a playground actually bore the signs of his footsteps or how the faces of his friends, who cheered for him for being specially-abled or who dissed him for his disability, change expressions on seeing him again. Now, here is a question for all the B-School students who are taught to derive the equivalent clink of coin-sound for all human emotions, day-in and day-out or for all the professionals who have grown up taking pride in putting a dollar tag on every single sentiment on this earth. Can you put a price tag on this miracle? How much would you be ready to invest if you could make this miracle a mundane reality for millions and millions of people in India? Can you be stoic enough emotionally to discard this proposal by taking help of an equally heartless financial jargon of profit-margins and return on capital employed? Or would you take a step forward and approach this problem the right way rather than the easy way. Arvind Eye Hospitals, since their inception, have proven time and again, year-after-year, that a business that deals in miracles like this can be self-sustainable if you have the right sentiments, intentions, vision and the sincerity to cater to the base of the pyramid, which because of its sheer volume, in a country like India can prove to be a self-dependent and autonomous business model. Put yourself in the shoes of the patients just for a moment, and you’ll understand how it can prove to be an economically viable model with a focus on intangible benefits rather than the tangible ones. Imagine a hypothetical case of Laxmi, who lives in Tangachi Mattam, a village forty kilometers away from Madurai, who decides to bring in her 10-year-old, bespectacled son Vishnu, to be examined at the centre this Saturday when he complained of irritation in his left eye. Ordinarily, it would have taken them a whole day to go to Madurai by bus and back, not to mention the cost of Rs 200 round trip. If the vision centre develops in every city, the consultation with the Doctor cost them Rs 20 – at less than the price of a coffee cup in a hip cafe, one little boy’s eyes can finally return to his school books. The model certainly can be emulated if the businessmen can abandon their perennial thirst for endless money for this cause and concentrate more on the intangible benefits of this exercise rather than tangible ones. But the question is how? Part-I – How ? If we look at the current status of blindness in India, about 90% of blindness is relatively easily treatable and cataract remains a major cause of blindness. Our annual cataract surgical rate is about 3. 5 million but the current levels of cataract surgery are far below the number required to clear the existing backlog, besides taking care of incidence. There is an urgent need to perform more cataract surgeries every year. If we look at the current service delivery pattern, the Government does about 25%, NGOs and voluntary organization 41. 2% and private 33. 8%. There is also an increasing shift towards IOL surgery. The increasing need in the community for eye care services combined with poor utilization of existing resources indicate a strong need for organizational development aimed at such eye care providers. One major need is to better equip these institutions to deal with the burden of blindness, to aid in the transition towards IOL surgery other standard procedures, to standardize duality of eye care provided by them, to promote cost effective practices for self-sustainability and finally to help the hospital leadership to articulate a well defined vision and goal for their hospital. Based on Arvind Eye Care’s experience, a capacity building process with other eye hospitals should be initiated. Arvind should set itself a target of partnering in capacity building with 100 voluntary eye hospitals that were under performing or in the start-up phase. The ultimate goal would be to help in developing each of these hospitals into a facility capable of doing high volume, high quality work and become financially viable. The financial viability will remain a critical issue in order to protect these voluntary organizations from the uncertainties of external funding. The first initiative in this direction has already come from the Lions International who wanted to establish a process for capacity building for the hospitals supported by them and as a spin off other INGOs like Sight Savers, CBM, Seva and IEF too joined hands for their partner hospitals. LAICO is currently partnering with 140 eye hospitals, of which 118 are from India and the remaining are from other countries like Nepal, Bangladesh, Africa, Cambodia, etc. LAICO, is working on the following 4-step strategy to help with the capacity building of the under-performing and other NGO hospitals. The results so far have been astounding for LAICO. The following graphs show how the capacity development workshops have been a path-breaking success for this business model in general and the participating hospitals in particular. The resulting efficiency increase through the economies of scale is also evident in the cost recovery of the participating hospitals as shown in the graph below. But the biggest challenge in terms of the execution of the plan is to ensure the sustainability of this execution. The above analysis leads us to identifying some of the factors that affect the capacity building process as many of the hospitals have drastically increased, while some hospitals have shown no improvement or decrease in the performance. The leadership of the hospital is a major factor. The location, availability and involvement of the leader affect capacity building. Wherever there has been a permanent leader with a vision, those hospitals have shown a very good improvement. Resistance to change and openness among the team members are also crucial. The hospitals need to have teamwork rather than one person doing the entire show. If the institution is not interested in doing high volume or is satisfied with the current level of services, capacity building is difficult. Where ever the leader focuses more on resource creation rather than on resource utilization, an imbalance between performance and capacity arises. Operational areas, even having a single ophthalmologist or part-time ophthalmologist also affect the long-term sustainability of the hospital especially when these doctors leave the hospital. The pattern of compensation also affects the growth of the hospital. To some extent incentives help the hospital increase its performance but this does not help the hospital to grow as an institution. This brings us to the vital question – what should be the change in the outlook of the organization to sustain this change and continue to register growth in the strategy chosen. Part-II – How sustainable is sustainable? No matter the individual or the reason at hand, all effective leadership styles have one thing in common- they all contain the Four Cs- Character, Communication skills, Consistency, and the Creativity needed for successful problem solving. Of course, within each of these four traits, variances of extreme proportions are noted by those most inclined to utilize them. The ability to get onto the correct path for creating your own effective leadership style stems from within the individual, for realizing that it is the followers who recognize if a leader is successful is the first step. Share the glory with your team, but keep the pains to yourself. Small, cash-strapped nonprofits often find that the most accessible funding is restricted to specific initiatives, programs, and contracts. They accept them because they nominally fall within the organization’s broad mission statement, but they are much better aligned with the donor’s strategy than with the nonprofit’s. Because the funds barely cover the direct costs of the additional activity, much less the indirect costs, the nonprofit reenters the funding market again and again, each time as a bigger, less focused, and more cash-starved entity. Hence, within the non-profit sector, one can safely say that â€Å"The tree dies from the top†. As a consequence of this stick-and-stretch syndrome, nonprofits often develop anaerobic life styles. At one extreme is the bloated bureaucracy: It may have some hardworking parts, but as a whole, it’s slow moving and survives because of mission legitimacy, not mission performance. At the other is the ever-busy nonprofit characterized by action paralysis. The organization is so busy executing the day-to-day stuff, raising money, implementing programs, and so on, that it never steps back to consider the full implications of its actions. The combination of stickiness to the mission and stretchiness to market demands can undermine a nonprofit’s effectiveness. The stretchiness keeps it very busy on a day-to-day basis; it’s constantly executing programs and working to raise funds. But in a strategic sense, the organization moves very slowly because the stickiness holds it in place. Before it can move forward, it must unstick the inertia at its center and then creep forward one step at a time, carrying with it all its baggage. To create a strategy that is both ffective and measurable, nonprofits first need to translate their core mission into a narrower, quantifiable operational mission. Next, the nonprofit needs to convert the operational mission into a strategy platform using the following 4-step strategy process. Step 1: The Mission Statement. This statement tends to be broad and far-reaching and usually identifies the customer need the organization attempts to serve, such as hunger, homelessness, or une mployment. The purpose of the mission statement is to inspire. Its credibility lies in the significance and scope of the problem it has identified. A powerful and compelling long-term goal will draw the attention of funders, workers, and volunteers. Habitat for Humanity International’s goal is â€Å"to eliminate poverty housing and homelessness from the face of the earth [and] put the subject of inadequate housing in the hearts and minds of people. † The mission tells you the nature of the problem, but it doesn’t identify how Habitat will address that need or how much of it will be served by the organization. Step 2: The Operational Mission. This step brings the lofty, inspirational mission into the realm of quantitative goals. While the big mission should be broad enough to guide action through periods of organizational and environmental change, the operational mission must be narrow enough to allow the organization to trace its impact. The organization’s work should always be measurable, even if it must use proxies to do so. Habitat for Humanity, for example, tracks not only the number of homes it has built, but in some areas it also estimates the extent of poverty housing yet to be eliminated. Step 3: The Strategy Platform. This delineates how the operational mission will be achieved, including which programs to run and how to run them. The strategy platform consists of four important components: client and market development, program and service development and delivery, funder and donor development, and organization development and governance. (See the exhibit â€Å"Blueprint of a Strategy Platform. †) Each one should directly relate to the operating mission and should dovetail with the other components. Most important, every program should correspond to its appropriate strategy platform component. Step 4: The Choice of Programs. Once an organization has the platform for supporting the various strategy components in a coherent way, the day-to-day tasks of choosing which programs to fund and which to cut are much better guided. When a new program appears on the organization’s radar, the first question to ask is, How does the program contribute to the appropriate strategy component—funding development, for instance, or operational development? Conclusion: The leader in a non-profit like that of Arvind Hospital, should instead of trying to be all things to all people, should pick a niche, craft an operational mission and, flowing from it, formulate a coherent strategy platform. Then it should vigorously pursue those programs that support the logic of the entire strategy. That approach improves nonprofits’ chances for changing the world. Unfortunately, too few nonprofits conduct such strategic assessments of their work. And it is this difference which determines that how sustainable is sustainable?

CA BUDGET ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CA BUDGET ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay Example However, following the 2007 – 2009 global recession that affected all economies including the United States, the education funding programs were slightly affected. For instance, some schools in different states are getting to the New Year with less state funding that it used to be in other years. Most of the sectors are worried with the declining trend in education funding programs (Oliff, Mai, and Palacios 01). There are claims that as the state and nation need new skills to master and adopt new and complex technologies to help in curbing the complex economy, the government shows a decline in state educational investment. Naturally, lack or decline in funding most of the known state funded programs usually leads to gap in running and managing such programs; thus, threatening poor quality in services produced and rendered in such programs. Challenges Facing California on State Funded Programs Following the recession and global economic crisis, nearly all states’ funded programs are affected in one way or the other. In the case of California, the education has since received less funding per student compared to other years (A Parent's Guide to Charter School Funding Challenges 01). These changes in the amount of fund per student affect the education services in the affected school. These effects are feared that may interfere with quality of education in California. Additionally, the changes in funding from states make schools to spend on large facility budgets towards chartering schools. Notably, it is these charters that now pay bills accrued by school including rents. These challenges in the state funded programs cause uncertainty in management that may largely interview with quality of services offered in such programs. Pros and Cons of State Funded Programs The most dangerous part of the state funded programs is that such programs usually operate at the mercies of the state budget. In cases where the state gets broke such programs are usually a ffected and the same usually leads to changes in services delivery in such programs (Leachman and Ma 01). Notably, changes in the service delivery may affect the quality offered following the changes. For instance, following the reduction of the funds remitted to the schools, schools have reacted by reducing numbers of teacher so they may adjust to their budget. It should be noted that as the number of teachers changes, the numbers of students usually remain constant or increases; therefore, burdening the remaining teachers. Few teachers working on many students or pupils will usually lead to poor quality of service delivery. Nonetheless, the state funded programs are usually monitored closely by the funding organ; therefore, such funding usually lead to quality service delivery. Additionally, funding state programs usually easy or reduces burden on other stakeholders. For instance, funding education programs will reduce burden on parents especially those who are unable to pay for t heir children’s education comfortably. Effects of Funding or Not Funding State Funded Programs If state programs are not funded; for instance, if the education is not funded, both the parents and pupils will be affected; however, pupils will be affected immensely since these funded services are directly related to them. As had been mentioned, if education id not funded fully or completely, the affected schools will opt to reducing the number of staff and this will impact greatly on

Homework Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homework - Speech or Presentation Example He clocks the speeds of 20 randomly selected cars and 20 randomly selected trucks two miles after a major safety sign. Which statistical test should be used to determine whether drivers of cars and drivers of trucks are differentially affected by safety signs? C. A researcher wants to test whether there is a relationship between political party affiliation and education. She randomly selects 500 people and, for each, notes political party affiliation (Republican, Democrat, Neither) and highest degree earned (high school, college, graduate). Which statistical test should be used to determine whether there is a relationship between political party affiliation and education? D. In a study of group productivity, subjects worked in groups of various sizes to develop new computer software. Subjects were randomly assigned to work in groups of two, ten, or fifteen. Which statistical test should be used to determine whether group size has an effect on productivity? A psychologist at a private mental hospital was asked to determine whether there was any clear difference in the length of stay of patients with different categories of diagnosis. Looking at 4 patients in each of the three major categories, the results (in terms of weeks of stay) were as follows: Therefore, the mean between drug related conditions and cognitive behavior are similar. However, the mean between behavior and drug related and, the mean between behavior and cognitive are also different. In a study on the effect of the invasion of personal space, experimenters approached pedestrians walking alone and asked them for directions. When the pedestrian started giving directions, the experimenter took a step toward him/her. An observer then noted whether the pedestrian responded to this invasion of personal space by staying where he/she was, by taking a step forward, or by taking a step back. The table below shows

Creation Essay -- essays research papers

Creation The Creation Stories Did the creation of the earth and life begin by itself? Or did God create them? In the beginning, civilization started to question who created earth. There were many different views. In Genesis, Jinasena, and Buddha have their own thinking. There were some differences as well as similarities. In Genesis, it was stated that God created heaven and earth. Everything we saw is God's work. Even ourselves is come out from him. In one week, Days and Nights; Skies and seasons, land and water; living creature; And humans, were created by God. An example, "Let there be light" then light came out. Everything he thought of happened instantaneously. However, there is no stating how he accomplished all this. Furthermore, there is no evidence that God's breath gave life to a living soul to man. Genesis is in a third person type of writing. Every paragraph start with "And God said..." Overall of the story, God is powerful and perfect. He had done everything w e need. Jinasena is a Jain myth and it is called "There Is No Creator". As the title states, the myth does not believe in god. There is a line say in the myth that set states this, "...if it is complete the individual jiva (soul) is released from the cycle of rebirth to a state of isolated, eternal, and omniscient inactivity." This line is saying that everyone has a soul. However, with the end of each lifetime, another spirit will start again. In another word,...

Assignment 4 Celta

Assignment 4 – Lessons from the Classroom The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. I decided to take the CELTA because it seemed like a fairly easy way to make some money while I traveling. However, a mere month's exposure to teaching has given me the confidence to pursue teaching English as a serious career alternative, should I ever get sick of political antics and swindlers' conspiracies. All through my life, people told me I would make a decent teacher. Now, I believe it. I believe it because I have braved the utterly nerve-racking schedule of assignment submissions and lesson planning and teaching without falling apart. Though I learned a lot from our wonderful trainers (full credits to Gabbi and Maureen) and my absolutely wonderful classmates, I really have miles to go before I sleep (literally). A month is a very short time to learn something but it is admirable that all of us have had such a tremendous growth curve. Personally, I know I have become much more confident about standing in front of a classroom full of students and talking about the finer points of the English language. Not many noticed it, but I avoided writing anything on the board the first afternoon we had Teaching Practice (TP) because my hands were shaking so vigorously. I have definitely come a long way since then. I have learned a lot from the critique and feedback by classmates and tutors, observation of peers and experienced teachers, and from self-reflection. I discovered the very first day that it was important to establish a good rapport with the students and be comfortable talking with them. Observing Darin during his first lesson taught me a very valuable lesson – I learned it was important to engage students in conversation rather than assume the role of a traditional teacher. Though Maureen commented on June 23, the first day of TP, that I established a good rapport with the students, I really feel that I felt more comfortable from the second lesson onwards. Observing Porter in the first week of the class was a big bonus. He was so much at   ease in class, so much at home. He made the students feel comfortable and involved his Advanced English students in the process of teaching and learning. I worked hard on planning from the beginning and mostly produced solid plans. On June 2, Maureen mentioned that I had a very detailed lesson plan and good language analysis. I adjusted well to the different levels of students within the class. When I was teaching elementary level classes, I made it a point to explain concepts to the weakier students and help them during the tasks if they had any difficulty. After Teaching Practice on June 26, my classmates who had observed me teaching commented that I had monitored weaker students like Carlos and Jessica well throughout the class. I think I did well in class management from the beginning. I made sure I kept all students on their toes and working hard. From the first week, when Maureen commented that I managed my classes well, till the third week, when Gabi as well as my classmates commented that I taught a good lesson to one truant students – I think my class management skills have only improved. From the beginning of Teaching Practice, both Maureen and Gabi commented that I successfully established a good rapport with the students. On the first day, Maureen wrote in my Teaching Practice Evaluation, â€Å"You established a nice rapport with the students, very friendly and confident. † When we switched levels, Gabi wrote in my Evaluation, â€Å"You built a good rapport with your new SS. † Even though I have switched to the Intermediate level, some of the Elementary level students often come up to me with doubts and questions. I have to mention that observing Darin while he taught was a fantastic experience because he has always establishes such a comfortable rapport with his students. I had a problem with excessive TTT from the very beginning. I think a major reason for this is that the Indian educational system tends to have very teacher-centered classrooms. from the beginning, the tutors and my classmates have pointed out that I need to reduce TTT and make the lessons more student-centered. Though I have tried hard to do this, I still have a long way to go before I become a minimalist talker. I do earnestly believe that student-centered learning is far more effective. It was great to observe Porter because it showed how minimalist TTT can be super effective in the classroom. Porter allowed the students to lead classroom discussion and complete his sentences. He elicited a lot of information without being verbose. I analyzed language items well before presenting them in class. On June 24, Maureen commented that I had a â€Å"detailed analysis of the grammar operation of the target language. † In the beginning, I had some trouble organizing the stages of clarification of meaning and grammar form. However, I think I improved significantly in latter classes. On July 2, when I taught relative classes, Maureen said that I used effective CCQs and did a â€Å"thorough analysis of the form and meaning. † I did help students with improving their pronunciation by doing both choral and individual oral drilling. However, I think this is one area in which I have a lot to improve. I have tried to correct students' pronunciation errors, especially at the intermediate level, but I think I should do more of this. Fernanda consistenly drills the students a lot and tells me that it is very important for them to repeat the sounds again and again before they can be comfortable with them. I think I did well in giving students practice in receptive skills of reading and listening during my lessons. On June 26 Maureen commented, â€Å"I think students received some useful reading comprehension practice, and you adapted the materials creatively. † I do have a problem with linking the stages during receptive skills lessons. As Gabi commented on July 8, I need to link tasks more clearly so students know why they are doing the activities you ar giving them. I haven't done a very good job at providing productive practice to students because I don't time my lessons too well. Most often, students don't have enough time for speaking or writing at the end of the lesson. Wilson did a fantastic job at timing his lesson on July 14 – the students had more than 15 minutes of freer speaking practice at the end of his lesson. My goals for the future are to make my lesson more student centered, to reduce TTT and to improve my timing. These have been my most significant weaknesses throughout the course. I need ot hold back and let go of my control over the class. This will help me reduce TTT while at the same time making the lesson more student-centered. To achieve this aim, I will let the students discuss everything before I step in with suggestions and clarifications. This will also make the lesson more interactive and fun for the students. I will work hard to be economical with my instructions and explanations by planning my lesson to the last detail. Timing the lesson is also a matter of careful planning. I also need to be very aware of the ticking clock. With this aim in mind, I will invest in a large clock placed strategically in the classroom so I can't miss it.

Exponential Decay Formula Real Life Applications

In mathematics, exponential decay occurs when an original amount is reduced by a consistent rate (or percentage of the total) over a period of time. One real-life purpose of this concept is to use the exponential decay function to make predictions about market trends and expectations for impending losses. The exponential decay function can be expressed by the following formula: y a(1-b)xy: final amount remaining after the decay over a period of timea: original amountb: percent change in decimal formx: time But how often does one find a real world application for this formula? Well, people who work in the fields of finance, science, marketing, and even politics use exponential decay to observe downward trends in markets, sales, populations, and even poll results. Restaurant owners, goods manufacturers and traders, market researchers, stock salesmen, data analysts, engineers, biology researchers, teachers, mathematicians, accountants, sales representatives, political campaign managers and advisers, and even small business owners rely on the exponential decay formula to inform their investment and loan-taking decisions. Percent Decrease in Real Life: Politicians Balk at Salt Salt is the glitter of Americans’ spice racks. Glitter transforms construction paper and crude drawings into cherished Mother’s Day cards, while salt transforms otherwise bland foods into national favorites; the abundance of salt in potato chips, popcorn, and pot pie mesmerizes the taste buds. However, too much of a good thing can be detrimental, especially when it comes to natural resources like salt. As a result, a lawmaker once introduced legislation that would force Americans to cut back on their consumption of salt. It never passed the House, but it still proposed that each year restaurants would be mandated to decrease sodium levels by two and a half percent annually. In order to understand the implications of reducing salt in restaurants by that amount each year, the exponential decay formula can be used to predict the next five years of salt consumption if we plug in facts and figures into the formula and calculate the results for each iteration. If all restaurants start out using a collective total of 5,000,000 grams of salt a year in our initial year, and they were asked to reduce their consumption by two and a half percent each year, the results would look something like this: 2010: 5,000,000 grams2011: 4,875,000 grams2012: 4,753,125 grams2013: 4,634,297 grams (rounded to nearest gram)2014: 4,518,439 grams (rounded to nearest gram) By examining this data set, we can see that the amount of salt used goes down consistently by percentage but not by a linear number (such as 125,000, which is how much it is reduced by the first time), and continue to predict the amount restaurants reduce salt consumption by each year infinitely. Other Uses and Practical Applications As mentioned above, there are a number of fields that use the exponential decay (and growth) formula to determine results of consistent business transactions, purchases, and exchanges as well as politicians and anthropologists  who study population trends like voting and consumer fads. People working in finance use the exponential decay formula to help with calculating compound interest on loans taken out and investments being made in order to evaluate whether or not to take those loans or make those investments. Basically, the exponential decay formula can be used in any situation where an amount of something decreases by the same percentage every iteration of a measurable unit of time—which can include seconds, minutes, hours, months, years, and even decades. As long as you understand how to work with the formula, using the x  as the variable for the number of years since Year 0 (the amount before decay occurs).